“We want to make sure that the final package is curbside recyclable,” says Pat Lindner, Amazon’s vice president of mechatronics and sustainable packaging.

To make the switch, the company had to make sure that a replacement would work as well as the plastic version. It actually turned out to perform better—and can help reduce the number of packages that get damaged in shipment. Amazon worked with suppliers to find a lightweight, 100% recycled paper that’s easier to crumple around an object to protect it. The paper also takes up less space, so now more items fit in a smaller box. (Amazon also uses AI and machine learning to try to get items into the smallest possible package.) That translates to using less gas—or electricity, in the case of the company’s electric vans—to make a delivery, since more packages can fit in a truck.

Amazon piloted the paper filler first at a warehouse near Cleveland, installing rolls that workers tear off to the right length to fit each item in a box. (Part of the testing involved making sure that paper cuts wouldn’t be a problem.) Now, nearly all deliveries in North America use the paper filler instead of plastic; 95% of the plastic air pillows have been replaced. By the end of the year, every package will have made the switch, as one step toward a goal to get rid of all plastic delivery packaging. In Europe, where plastic packaging was less common to begin with, the company has already eliminated it.